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wolf spider
wolf spider (Tigrosa georgicola)
Photo © Hank Guarisco
Features and Behaviors
FEATURES
Wolf spiders have large eyes in a trapezoid shape on the top of the carapace. The two median eyes in this group of four are the largest and face forward. The two smaller eyes in this group of four are set behind the two central eyes, facing to the side or backwards. In front of these four eyes is a row of four, smaller eyes. Adults are about 0.39 to 0.86 inch in total body length with males slightly smaller than females. The general body coloration is dark brown with a thin, light-brown stripe in the middle of the carapace. Small, light marks may be present on the abdomen. The legs show bands near the joints.
BEHAVIORS
This species hunts in the day. It hides under leaf litter or other objects on the ground when not hunting. Wolf spiders have good vision. They perform courtship rituals like waving the legs or palps with making sounds created by vibrating body parts against each other or a surface or object they are near. Wolf spiders generally do not build a web but use a dragline of silk for communication. The female builds an egg sac and attaches it to her spinnerets. She carries it with her as she hunts and may move into or out of sunlight to help control the temperature of the developing eggs. After the eggs hatch, the young climb onto her abdomen, and she carries them for a week or two while they complete their development. Wolf spiders hunt by waiting for prey to appear, then rushing out to capture it. If no prey appears for a while, the spider may move to a new location. Small prey items are bitten immediately. Larger prey may be enclosed in a basket made by the spider’s legs and then bitten. The diet consists mainly of insects and other, smaller wolf spiders.
Illinois Range
Taxonomy
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Arachnida
Order: Araneae
Family: Lycosidae
Illinois Status: common, native
